How we estimate range

Rated range comes straight from the government. Everything else on this site is an estimate built from that rating with published research, and labelled as an estimate wherever it appears.

Rated range

Every rated figure is from Natural Resources Canada Fuel Consumption Ratings, battery-electric vehicles 2012-2026 (updated March 9, 2026). NRCan uses five-cycle testing, which blends city and highway driving and includes some cold and hot-weather testing. We use the most recent model year NRCan lists for each vehicle.

Highway range

NRCan publishes separate city and highway energy use in kWh per 100 km. We convert rated range to a highway-cycle range by multiplying by combined energy use divided by highway energy use. NRCan's highway cycle averages well below 100 km/h, so we reduce it by 10% for 110 km/h and 15% for 120 km/h, reflecting the rise in aerodynamic drag with speed.

Winter range

Recurrent's analysis of real-world driving data found EVs with a heat pump lost about 13% of their range at freezing, against about 28% for EVs without one. We use 87% of rated range at 0°C for heat-pump models and 72% for models without, and 80% where fitment varies. At −20°C we use 65%, 50% and 58%. The −20°C figures are our extrapolation from published freezing-point data rather than a measured result, and short trips with a cold-soaked car will do worse.

Battery degradation

Geotab's 2025 study of more than 22,700 EVs found average capacity loss of 2.3% a year, about 1.5% for vehicles that rarely use DC fast charging, and around 3% for vehicles that fast-charge heavily at high power. We show all three.

Towing

Towing range depends mostly on trailer height and frontal area. We show 60%, 50% and 40% of rated range for light, typical and heavy or tall trailers, the band most published electric-truck towing tests fall within.

Road trips

We assume leaving fully charged and arriving with 10%, so usable range is 90% of the 110 km/h estimate. Winter trips use the midpoint of our 0°C and −20°C factors. Distances are approximate.

Found an error? Rated figures should always match NRCan's Fuel Consumption Guide for the same model year and version.